The music survives, but no early instructions for the actual dance are known. The saltarello was a lively, merry dance first mentioned in Naples during the 13th century. Over time, composers began to write added parts that were not just simple transpositions, thus creating true polyphony. Organum was originally improvised while one singer performed a notated melody (the vox principalis), another singer-singing "by ear"-provided the unnotated second melody (the vox organalis). In these cases the composition often began and ended on a unison, the added voice keeping to the initial tone until the first part has reached a fifth or fourth, from where both voices proceeded in parallel harmony, with the reverse process at the end. In its earliest stages, organum involved two musical voices: a Gregorian chant melody, and the same melody transposed by a consonant interval, usually a perfect fifth or fourth. As no real independent second voice exists, this is a form of heterophony. Depending on the mode and form of the chant, a supporting bass line (or bourdon) may be sung on the same text, the melody may be followed in parallel motion (parallel organum), or a combination of both of these techniques may be employed. Organum (from Ancient Greek ὄργανον - organon "organ, instrument, tool") is, in general, a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony, developed in the Middle Ages. If the word is from Latin, the name describes the movement of the different voices against one another. The name comes either from the Latin movere, ("to move") or a Latinized version of Old French mot, "word" or "verbal utterance." The Medieval Latin for "motet" is motectum, and the Italian mottetto was also used. In Classical music, motet is a word that is applied to a number of highly varied choral musical compositions. In its long history, GregorianĬhant has been subjected to many gradual changes and some reforms. Psalms made up a large part of the life in a monastic community, whileĪ smaller group and soloists sang the chants. Proper hours was upheld according to the Rule of St. Life, in which celebrating the 'Divine Office' eight times a day at the That is, by following the given example orally, which took many years In general, the chants were learned by the viva voce method, Music is the first to be notated in a system ancestral to modern musical To specific celebrations in the church calendar.
Gregory I, Bishop of Rome from 590 to 604, who is traditionally creditedįor having ordered the simplification and cataloging of music assigned The celebration of Mass and other ritual services. Of monophonic liturgical music within Western Christianity that accompanied Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form Italian was a popular instrumental style of the 13th and 14th centuries. The medieval dance and musical form called the estampie in French, theĮstampida in Occitan, and istampitta (also istanpitta or stampita) in
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